Detangler for Dogs

I am sure you feel proud to own a smart canine at home. Yeah, you surely do! However, you would call yourself proud only if you take the necessary care of your dog which includes its health, food, grooming etc. When I say dog grooming, there are so many things to take into account, and the best way to go about it is by maintaining proper hygiene and basically looking after it like you would for your baby! Maintaining hygiene includes bathing it every alternate day or at least once a week. So, basically what you need is a dog shampoo which acts as a hair detangler especially if you happen to own a very furry species. And this is what we are going to talk about in the paragraphs coming up. I would suggest, you keep reading.

As the name suggests, detangler is basically used to detangle (loosen) the hair or mat growth on the dog's body. It is a kind of shampoo mixture which helps through the process. If you are wondering how to choose the best detangler for your dog, well, make sure you go for the homemade detangler, since they have been proven to be effective and useful, alike and would not harm the pet's skin, in any case. The dog fur is delicate, needs special attention and technique to go about it so let us see the steps involved in detangling your canine's hair.

Step 1
Well, as I said, it is better to go for the homemade detangler recipe since it really works wonders. First of all, arrange for the homemade dog shampoo, aloe vera based conditioner, distilled water, wheat germs, essential oils (preferably scentless), spray bottle and of course, a dog comb.

Step 2
Next, make your dog ready for a healthy bath, keep him engaged and happy so that the whole process goes by with ease. Meanwhile, keep the distilled water (8 ounces) in the microwave for 30 seconds only so that it becomes lukewarm.

Step 3
Take a big spray bottle which works properly and add same amounts (8 ounces) of the conditioner in the bottle. Here, if you don't get aloe vera conditioner, you could mix aloe vera gel with a commercial dog conditioner and use the same. Now, add the distilled water and mix well.

Step 4
Next, take 3 tablespoons of wheat germ and add to the above mixture. Along with it, add few drops of essential oil as well and again shake the whole mixture vigorously so that all the ingredients are mixed evenly.

Step 5
Now comes the main step. Take the comb suitable for your dog fur in one hand and larger mats in another, spray the mixture and comb simultaneously. Keep on doing this so as to detangle the entire fur coat. Once done, again spray the detangler mixture all over the body and give your canine a nice bath. Use sufficient amounts of water to wash off the traces of the shampoo and conditioner. This is the end! You have succeeded in your goal! The next obvious query is, how often should you wash your dog? Make sure it is at least once a week.

Now you know how to go about using the detangler for dog grooming. One suggestion I would like to give here is avoid use of baby or human shampoos. Use good quality recommended dog products only and I can vouch that the whole process would be more of fun then!

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Symptoms and Treatment for Diabetes in Dogs

Canine diabetes is one of the major dog health problems, caused due to improper insulin production or insulin resistance. Insulin is a hormone, secreted by the beta cells of pancreas, responsible for maintaining blood glucose level. Insulin causes the body's cells to take up glucose from the blood to be used as a source of energy. When the body produces very little or no insulin (type 1 diabetes), the body's cells fail to take up glucose from the blood. In another case, when the body's cells are resistant to insulin (type 2 diabetes), they fail to use sugar from the blood and hence, sugar remains in the blood stream only. In both the cases, the result is increase in the blood sugar level or hyperglycemia, which is a characteristic of diabetes mellitus. Majority of the dogs suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Causes

This diabetes is more common in obese dogs; in addition, genetic and environmental factors are also an added factor. Many a time, viral infections, low immune system, pancreatic infections and other hormonal disorders form a basis for the causing this diabetes. There are certain dog breeds such as poodles, beagles, schnauzers, keeshonds, dachshunds, etc., which are more susceptible to this disease than the other breeds. Mostly dogs suffer from diabetes at the age of seven to nine years.

Symptoms

The symptoms are vague and dog owners have to be careful enough to analyze the noticeable signs. The major reason for all body disorders is due to failure of body's cell to utilize blood glucose, which is one of the major energy fuels. The notable symptoms of diabetes in dogs are increased urination (polyuria), increased thirst (polydipsia) and increased hunger (polyphagia). Blood sample of a diabetic dog contains high sugar level in which the kidney can't filter efficiently, resulting in excreting glucose in the urine. This results in loss of a large volume of body fluid because of osmosis. Consequently, a diabetic dog feels thirstier to compensate the lost fluid. Since body is deprived of energy fuel, it also suffers from an increased hunger and eats more in order to carry out the normal body metabolism.

A diabetic dog may also suffer from ketoacidosis (a life-threatening complication due to insulin deficiency and an increase in stress hormones), dehydration, weight loss, increased fatigue, lethargy, fungal infections and other health complications.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis is done by physical examination, followed by a series of urine and blood tests. Normal blood sugar level for a dog will be 70 - 150 mg/dl (milligrams per deciliter). Canine diabetes is diagnosed, if a dog's blood sugar is greater than 200 mg/dl.

Diabetes in dogs is treated by controlling the blood glucose level, which is achieved by giving insulin injections. There are three ranges of insulin injections for dogs - short-acting, medium-range and long-range. Short-acting lasts from one to four hours; medium-range remains effective for four to 24 hours and long-range lasts for eight to 28 hours. Injecting insulin should be followed carefully in accordance with the veterinarian's prescriptions, since an overdose can lead to lowering of the blood glucose level than normal (hypoglycemia). In addition, a dog owner has to be careful about the pet's diet and the oral medication prescribed by the veterinarian. Diet should include foods with less sugar content. The amount of red meat and dry dog food should be kept to a minimum, instead one can add soft moist and homemade food. Diabetic dogs should be fed smaller meals at least twice or thrice a day.

Dog owners need to be careful about their dog's health and try to observe any change in the dog's behavior. It is always recommended to discuss with your veterinarian or a qualified specialist for any notable signs or symptoms. There should be proper dog care along with regular medical examination and blood test, at least twice annually to prevent canine diabetes.

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Miniature Dogs

These dogs breeds are very popular due to their tiny size. There are many types of these dogs that are well suited for families with a small backyard or those who live in apartments. These dogs are also very sweet and friendly and can be easily handled as compared to large dog breeds. These miniature dog breeds look like cute little 'puppy dogs' and thus become a favorite among children. You will find there are many breeds that will overwhelm you in deciding, which is the right breed for your home.

Best Dogs in a Miniature Size

Although small in size, each breed has some pros and cons attached to it. The best dogs are those that are suited for your lifestyle. You will find some dogs need some exercising, as they are miniature versions of large dog breeds. Some miniature dog breeds bark a lot and are probably not suited for apartment life, unless of course, you have a soundproof home. These dogs were bred for hunting and therefore they bark a lot. In such a case, you need to find yourself small dogs that don't bark and best small dog breeds.

A few types require a lot of dog grooming and therefore not suitable for those who are working. Therefore, before choosing the best dogs for yourself and your family, make sure you go into the breed details like temperament, grooming requirements, tendency to bark, small dogs good with children, etc. Since these dogs do not have extra weight, they are prone to dehydration. Thus, they require a lot of good dog care. Let us now look at some of the miniature dog breeds.

Types of Miniature Dog Breeds

The breeds are also commonly referred to as toy breed dogs and small dog types. Some of the small dog types like Pekingese dogs were referred to as 'sleeve dogs', 'tea cup' or 'pocket sized' dogs like:

• Teacup Yorkie
• Teacup Chihuahua
• Teacup Maltese
• Teacup Pomeranian
• Teacup Poodles
• Teacup Pug
• Teacup Shih Tzu
• Teacup Silky Terrier
• Teacup Terrier
• Teacup Yorkshire Terriers

Teacup dogs is a term used as a 'marketing term' and does not specify any specific dog breed. Let us see look at a couple of more dogs that fall under this category.

• Affenpinscher
• Bichon Frise
• Bolognese
• Border Terrier
• Boston Terrier
• Brussels Griffon
• Cairn Terrier
• Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
• Chihuahua
• Chinese Crested
• Coton De Tulear
• Dachshund
• English Toy Spaniel
• French Bulldog
• Glen of Imaal Terrier
• Havanese
• Italian Greyhound
• Japanese Chin
• Lakeland Terrier
• Lhasa Apso
• Maltese
• Miniature Bull Terrier
• Miniature Pinscher
• Miniature Schnauzer
• Norfolk Terrier
• Norwich Terrier
• Papillon
• Pekingese
• Pembroke Welsh Corgi
• Pomeranian
• Pug
• Schipperke
• Scottish Terrier
• Sealyham Terrier
• Shetland Sheepdog
• Shih Tzu
• Silky Terrier
• Tibetan Spaniel
• Tibetan Terrier
• Toy Fox Terrier
• Toy Poodle
• West Highland White Terrier
• Wire Fox Terrier
• Yorkshire Terrier

These dogs will prove to be a bundle of energy and life long joy for your family. You can search for the breed information you are interested and bring home the best miniature dog for your home.

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Dog Flu Symptoms

Canine influenza or dog flu is caused by the influenza virus A, which is known as H3N8. It is an airborne virus and hence, usually gets transmitted by coughing or sneezing. This highly contagious dog flu virus can also spread through direct contact with the nasal secretions of the affected dog. So, a healthy dog can easily contact the influenza virus. Almost all dogs exposed to this virus get infected, as they do not have a natural immunity to the virus, due to the lack of previous exposure. Influenza is generally not a very serious dog health problem. Dogs infected with the canine influenza virus usually recover within a short time. However, the affected canine can experience several flu symptoms, until it recovers completely.

Canine Flu Symptoms

The symptoms of dog flu have been observed to mimic the symptoms of one of the very common dog illnesses, known as kennel cough. Therefore, symptoms of this condition can sometimes be mistaken for kennel cough. However, cough caused by influenza lasts longer than the typical kennel cough, and can be accompanied by several other symptoms. Usually, the symptoms of dog flu appear within 2 to 5 days from the initial exposure to the virus. Sometimes, an infected dog may not exhibit any sign of infection, but remains contagious and so, can spread the virus for several days or weeks. Many times, secondary bacterial infection can also develop, which can cause pneumonia. But, usually these symptoms are mild. The most commonly observed symptoms of canine influenza are

• Persistent cough
• Sneezing
• Runny nose
• Runny eyes
• Yellow or green colored nasal discharge
• Dehydration
• Loss of appetite
• Weakness
• Lethargy
• Fever
• Rapid and shallow breathing
• Breathing difficulty
• Secondary bacterial infection or pneumonia

Treatment for Canine Flu

Canine influenza is not a serious condition, and most of the dogs infected by the influenza virus recover within a few weeks. However, the condition can become serious for puppies, frail or aging dogs, and canines with a weak immune system. Such dogs are more likely to get secondary bacterial infections, and the associated complications. Usually, veterinarians use antibiotics to treat a dog with influenza, in order to prevent secondary bacterial infection.

If canine influenza is not very serious, and accompanied by mild cough and other flu symptoms, then it can be easily managed. Cough suppressants are generally recommended to control the cough associated with dog flu. Dogs usually get low-grade fever, in case of a minor infection. But, if they develop high fever, then it can be an indicator of secondary opportunistic infection. In such a situation immediate hospitalization can be required. Dogs with high fever can also require intravenous administration of fluid and antibiotics. Recently, a vaccine has been developed to prevent canine influenza. In June 2009, the first dog flu vaccine was approved by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Animal and Plants Health Inspection Service (APHIS).

The mortality rate for dog flu is very low, around 5%. The most adversely affected dog breed is the Greyhound dog. In order to prevent the spread of this contagious disease, the pet owners need to be a bit vigilant. They should be more careful with young puppies, as they are more likely to get infected with the complications associated with canine influenza. They should keep an eye on their dogs, and take every possible measure to keep them away from any dog with cough, and flu. While traveling, you can keep your dog in a boarding kennel, provided it is a reputed one.

Similarly, it is also important to keep your dog away from other dogs, if it shows any sign of influenza. If you observe any of these symptoms, then be sure to immediately inform a veterinarian. In such a situation, do not take your dog to any place such as, boarding kennel or doggie day care, where it would be around other dogs. This will help to prevent the transmission of the diseases. Lastly, along with proper treatment, it is also essential to give your dog healthy dog foods, to ensure faster recovery.

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Jobs for Dog Lovers

It is every dog lover's dream to be able to spend as much time as they can with their favorite animal. If you had the chance to look after them and get paid in the process, wouldn't you do it? More and more animal lovers are realizing that they can convert their passion for animals into a proper profession. For those who cannot afford to have pets of their own, because of financial constrains, housing limitations, or strict/allergic parents or spouses, can try looking for jobs than involve taking care of dogs. Every dog lover will find something useful from the list mentioned below. Nonetheless, we will proceed from the easiest to the rather complicated list of jobs for dog lovers, in terms of the time and money spent by you in learning and practicing the job. It must also be noted that there are no fix margins to the income you can earn, as the rates may fluctuate from bigger cities to smaller ones. The second constraint is that your earnings will depend a lot on your clientele and how much are you willing to charge them for your services.

List of Careers for Dog Lovers

1 - Dogs Daycare
You can work in a dog-care facility or become a dog-care owner if you have the initial capital to invest for a lease and incorporation of your business. If not, you can simply work for a dog daycare unit. The concept is similar to child daycare centers, wherein people with busy schedule can get their pet dogs to the daycare facility. It will be your responsibility to look after the dogs, take them out for walks, feed them, and play with them.

2 - Dog Walker
This is an ideal job for people with plenty of free time and also happens to be a well paid job, especially if you are walking dogs in big cities. At an average, you'll be paid anywhere between US $15-20 on an hourly basis. You can take 2-4 dogs out for a walk together at one time, thereby increasing your average pay on a daily basis.

3 - Dog Sitter
This job entails that you look after the dogs of a particular family for a few hours, or days, if they are out of station or cannot be at home. It will be you responsibility to look after the dogs as if they were your own and see to it that all their needs are met. You can earn about US $50-100 for every day spent with the dogs and bargain on the sum you'll be paid for every hour spent taking care of the dogs.

4 - Dog Rescue and Shelter
You may volunteer to work in a dog shelter, where you can bestow all your love and care for these abandoned, ill, and disabled dogs. You'll be doing these dogs a big favor by looking after them and being kind to them. You could also volunteer to rescue dogs who are in danger.

5 - Dog Grooming
A very interesting job, especially for women who can use their beauty expertise, for grooming dogs! You will need to learn all there is about bathing dogs, cleaning their fur, nails, teeth, etc. You will also need to learn how to give dog's hairstyles and hair trims. This is a financially stable job and will pay you really good money.

6 - Cooking Meals for Dogs
You can open your own store which sells organic and natural foods made especially for dogs and cats. When you think about it, all the canned foods have added preservatives and chemicals. A cheaper option would be to have a page online where people can order for food, or call you and can get it delivered or personally come and take the package.

7 - Dog Trainer
If you're good with dogs and have a knack at training these adorable pets, then you may seriously consider training dogs as a profession. You do not need a degree for this job, which makes it a convenient option, for teenagers and college students who wish to take this as more than just a hobby!

8 - Pet Supplies
You can always work at a pet supplies store where the clients are allowed to bring their pets along. This will be an excellent opportunity for you to spend time with a lot of dogs, as well as learn about the nuances involved in maintaining such a store. You may use this information, for starting your own venture some day.

9 - Dog Breeder
This is no cakewalk and is not everyone's cup of tea. In order to become a professional dog breeder, you must first register yourself as one, as per the laws of your state. Dog lovers are usually very well-informed about dog breeds and can easily distinguish between a pure breed and a mixed/inferior breed. You'll need to be aware about the various diseases that affect particular dog breeds and how to treat it. You will also need to learn about the type of food you must feed each breed and how to groom them. All of this is necessary for providing your clients with the information they're seeking.

10 - Dog Behaviorist
It will be your job to train other people's dogs to follow commands and become guard dogs. You will need to teach the dogs how to detect danger and help in rescue missions. It is a very tedious job and requires you to either have your own training center or you to personally go and teach the dogs at their homes. You will need to get a dog trainer certification in order to be able to practice this job. The course is not very expensive and can be easily cleared. How much you earn depends completely on how much you quote and how much you are charged. This job requires a lot of knowledge about dogs, patience and a strict demeanor around difficult and aggressive dogs.

11 - Vet Technician
You will need to pay for getting this certification and it takes time in order to complete the course. However, if you can afford it, it is a very rewarding job because it will allow you to save the lives of ill and injured dogs. It is also a well-paying job. The next best option is to become a full-fledged veterinarian doctor, however the only flip side is that you will need to treat other animals as well.

These are a few jobs which you can do without investing too much money and time. It depends on you as to how much time you would like to spend with the dogs and on the job. It can either become a full-time job or be treated as a part-time option. For those who wish to take up the job as a profession, they can try opening a business in a few years time which deals with taking care of dog and their every need such as their grooming, training, accessories, toys, food, kennels, and exercise. Good Luck!

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Dark Yellow Urine in Dogs

If you are a dog owner, you would already know what it's like to have a pet dog. Dogs are great pets. Not only are they loyal and loving, they would do anything to protect their owner. Since dogs cannot express themselves through words, it is the duty of a dog owner, to make sure that the pet enjoys the best of health. One must always be on a lookout for signs of poor health and must ensure that the pet is well-cared for.

There could be various indicators of poor health. Dark yellow urine in dogs is one such sign that may be indicative of poor health. Urine refers to the waste products that are filtered from the blood and flushed out of the body, while the necessary nutrients are reabsorbed into the bloodstream. The color of the urine can sometimes provide valuable insights on the health of your dog. If the dog's urine is dark yellow in color and also has a strong odor, the best thing to do is to take your dog to a vet. In this article, we will find out about the circumstances under which dogs may pass dark yellow urine.

Dark Yellow Urine in Dogs

Causes

The color of the urine is an indicator of the kidney function. Under normal circumstances, the urine must not be concentrated and the color of the urine must be light yellow. Given below is some information on circumstances under which dogs may pass urine that is dark yellow in color.

Dehydration: There is a great need to ensure that your pet is well hydrated. Dark yellow urine may be indicative of dehydration. If left untreated, an excessive loss of electrolytes or body fluids can even cause an organ failure. Fluid loss could take place in hot weather, or may also occur due to vomiting or diarrhea. If fluid loss that takes place due to breathing, panting, urination or evaporation through the feet or body, is not compensated, the body tries to retain fluids and thus, the urine may become concentrated. Urine color may change from pale yellow to dark yellow under such circumstances. Lethargy, loss of appetite, sunken eyes, dry mouth, dark yellow urine with strong odor or too little urine are some of the symptoms that a dehydrated dog may exhibit.

Ailments: Formation of kidney stones or bladder stones could also occur as a result of dehydration. If the dog is not drinking enough water, the urine would become concentrated, and the minerals in urine may crystallize to form hard stone-like deposits. These stones can obstruct the passage of urine and cause painful urination. Besides bladder problems or kidney stones, liver problems could also be responsible for the change in the color of your pet's urine. Jaundice is one such condition that may be responsible for the change in the color of urine from pale yellow to dark yellow. Pancreas problems, diabetes, urinary tract infection or hemolytic anemia also figure in the list of ailments that may affect the urine odor as well as urine color. Old dogs who have been diagnosed with an ailment, may have to be administered certain drugs. The dark yellow urine may be due to use of supplements or drugs.

Dog Food: As is the case with humans, animals are also likely to suffer from health problems if their diet is not providing them with the required nutrients. It is the duty of the pet owner to ensure that their pet is getting nutritious food. It is essential that you first identify the brands that are known for providing good quality dog food. This will rule out the chances of your pet ingesting food that may contain toxins or additives. If your pet doesn't get healthy food, there is a great risk of your dog suffering from health problems, which in turn, may give rise to various distressing symptoms.

Treatment

Since change in the urine color is mainly attributed to dehydration, the owners must monitor the pet's intake of water and ensure that their pet stays well hydrated at all times. They must also make sure that they fill the pet's water bowl with clean water. The water bowl must also be cleaned. Loss of fluids can occur during hot weather, so, make sure that your dog is kept at a cool place. If your pet refuses to drink water, it would be best to consult a veterinarian. Blood tests and urinalysis can help the veterinarian assess the underlying cause of dehydration. If the pet is suffering from severe dehydration, the pet must not be allowed to gulp down a lot of water at one time. This may induce vomiting, which in turn, would again lead to loss of fluids. So, let your pet drink little sips initially. An electrolyte product called Pedialyte can also be administered so as to alleviate the symptoms of dehydration in dogs. The owner must also ensure that the dog food is nutritious enough to promote optimal health. Since dark yellow urine may be caused due to various medical conditions, it's extremely essential to identify the underlying cause. X-rays or other imaging procedures can be used for checking the internal organs. If the dog is diagnosed with a medical condition, drug therapy or even surgery may be recommended so as to treat the underlying medical condition.

This was some information on why dogs may pass dark yellow urine. If your dear pet seems to be exhibiting any of the aforementioned signs of poor health, the wise thing to do is to consult a veterinarian. It is your duty to provide your pet with love and care and ensure that your dog is treated at the earliest.

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Canine Lyme Disease Symptoms

Lyme disease got its name from the city Lyme, Connecticut. Here, the first outbreak of this disease was monitored. A bacterium, called borrelia burgdorferi is responsible for this disease. This bacteria is transmitted by the bite of a tick. It is said that out of all the species of ticks, only three species are known to transmit this disease. According to research, Lyme disease in dogs is transmitted through the bite of a deer tick or a black-legged tick. Symptoms usually occur within a period of two to five months of the dog being bitten by a tick.

Signs and Symptoms of Lyme Disease in Dogs
Limping (usually one fore leg) has been found to be one of the prominent symptoms that indicate Lyme disease. This is caused by the swelling of lymph-nodes in the affected limb. This condition is termed as lymphadenopathy. Dogs also suffer from high fever (101 to 102.5 degrees) and anorexia. Anorexia is defined as "a prolonged eating disorder due to loss of appetite".

Lyme disease causes swelling of the joints, and a sudden occurrence of lameness in dogs and they tend to become lethargic. The effect or pain of lameness is seen to shift from one leg to another. The legs aren't the only thing affected by the bacteria; the nervous system suffers as well. The dog may also experience a symptom known as myocarditis. This is a condition where the muscular tissue of the heart suffers inflammation. Glomerulonephritis could also be an indicative of canine Lyme disease. This symptom is characterized by decreased production of urine in the body. It is also clear by the presence of blood and protein in the urine. Glomerulonephritis is also characterized by swelling from excessive accumulation of watery fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities. This is known as edema.

There is a gradual rise in the degree of discomfort in dogs due to the disease. From a mild joint and muscle pain, the disease affects the animal in such a way that it refrains from any kind of movement. That is the reason we see most dogs being carried by their owners into a veterinary hospital.

The bacteria that triggers Lyme disease may remain dormant in some dogs for a certain period (for over a year in some cases). Then there will be a sudden outbreak of the symptoms of the disease. This is because of the fact that during the dormant period, the bacteria may have affected the dog's body in more than one way.

Prevention
The best method to protect your pets from this nasty disease is proper grooming. Regular dog grooming prevents infestation of ticks and other insects. A variety of products are available in the market for getting rid of ticks. Vaccinations are also available to protect your dogs from contracting the Lyme disease. However, re-vaccinations are a must to keep any health problems at bay.

Since Lyme disease is a bacterial infection, treatment involves use of antibiotics. The course of the treatment may vary in duration depending upon the severity of the disease. However, early diagnosis and treatment of the disease keeps matters from getting worse.

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Dog Leg Injuries

Injuries to a dog can be distressing not only for the pet but also for the dog owner. Canine or dog leg injuries are one of the most common traumatic injuries in dogs. As a matter of fact, it does not really take much to injure a dog's leg. Everyday activities like running and sprinting around can result in cuts, sprains, torn ligaments and even broken bones in your pet. It is vital that as soon as you identify the symptoms of a leg injury in a dog, immediate assistance by your veterinarian should be solicited who can advise the appropriate dog care. This can help find the causes of the injuries which range from mild and benign to severe and life-threatening. However, in the absence of immediate care even the mildest of the injuries can become critical to the dog's health.

Causes of Dog Leg Injuries

Leg injuries in dogs can be attributed to the injuries on the skin, muscles, ligaments, tendons and bones or even a hurt paw. When you visit the vet make sure that you pay attention to what his prescriptive medical aid and precautions that need to be administered to avert such leg injuries in the future.

Dog Paw Injuries: The pads on the bottom of a dog's foot are prone to injury from glass, hot pavements etc. Also, healing can be difficult due to the paw pad's exposure to bacteria and pressure from standing on the injured foot. If you find the dog limping then inspect its paw for cuts, punctures or swollen areas. If it is injured then the dog will react to the pressure being put on the paw. If you find a deep cut or a shred of glass embedded in the paw, then you need to go to a veterinarian. Also, paw injuries may be caused when the nails of the dogs are torn or cracked. If you find the nails chipped and bleeding, then the damaged part must be removed either at home or by a veterinarian. Remember that since this type of injury is likely to become infected, an antibiotic treatment may be needed.

Canine Ligament Injuries: A serious orthopedic knee injury in the dogs is a ruptured cruciate ligament. When the anterior cruciate ligament (the ligaments that prevent the ends of the femur and tibia from moving back and forth across each other) is torn, the joint becomes unstable. This causes the femur and tibia to move back and forth across each other and puts too much tension on the ligament causing it to tear. The most common reasons for the occurrence of this injury is when the dog slips on a slippery surface, makes a sudden turn while running, or is hit by a car. Also dog obesity can result in too much weight on the knees.

Tendon Tears: Although not as common as ligament injuries, tendon tears or strains can be quite painful for dogs. Tendonitis, or inflammation of the tendon can occasionally occur with excessive running or jumping by the dog.

Muscular Sprains and Strains: One of the common reasons for dog leg injuries are muscular sprains and strains. These are characterized by swelling of the affected area and an inability to move the muscular joint. This is usually caused during rough play or icy, muddy or slippery conditions, that can cause the joint to move in a sharp, unnatural direction, resulting in the ligaments being stretched or torn.

Bone Fractures: When excessive stress is put on the skeletal frame of the legs, it might cause fractures of the bones. There are many types of bone fractures like closed fractures, compound fractures, epiphyseal fracture (when the growth plate is fractured) and a greenstick fracture (bone is cracked).

Symptoms to Detect Leg Injuries

• Limping
• Foot Dragging
• Stiff Gait Pattern (generally associated with arthritis)
• Pain
• Swelling
• Bleeding and Wounds
• Snappy behavior
• Lethargy

Potent Treatment Methods

For treating wounds or in case of a broken nail involving bleeding, the foot must be washed with an anti-bacterial soap. Be very careful while doing so, as it may result in a painful experience for the dog. Be gentle in your movements while you clean the wound. If there are some embedded debris, remove it with a pair of tweezers and then disinfect the wound using an antibiotic ointment. In case of any fractures or dislocation of the joints, owners should not try to re-align the joint all by themselves. You may unknowingly, end up doing more harm than good. Instead, what you could manage to do, is to splint the dog's foot and seek immediate veterinary attention. If the condition thrives on neglect, severed arteries, muscular damage and compound fractures can occur, if left unsplinted and untreated. Once the leg is splinted, the foot should be immobilized to prevent further injury.

Remember to consult a veterinarian for further advice. Identifying a dog leg injury and providing appropriate medical care, goes a long way in saving the dog from other serious health problems.

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Pneumonia Treatment for Dogs

We all love our pet dogs and enjoy spending time with them. However, if you want your dog to always remain fit and healthy, you need to take special efforts and ensure that it gets a good diet essential for its growth. It is also important to provide the dog with right treatment, in case it is sick due to some reasons. Pneumonia is a common dog health problem, which needs timely treatment to avoid further complications. The worst affected ones among the dogs in case of pneumonia, are those less than one year of age. Pneumonia treatment for dogs is essential to avoid the inflammation of the bronchi and the lungs. The treatment should be started immediately as pneumonia in dogs can prove to be fatal. Now, let us know the causes of pneumonia in dogs.

Pneumonia in Dogs - Causes

Infections - mainly caused due to parasitic, fungal or bacteria, and those because of viruses are the prime causes of pneumonia in dogs. Dyskinesia; lack of proper nutritious diet, malnutrition, drug immuno-suppression and the reduction in the clearance of the debris, which are inhaled from the lungs are also some other important causes of pneumonia in dogs. But, pneumonia resulting due to bacterial infections is more dangerous for the dogs than the other causes of pneumonia. Treatment is needed for completely curing bacterial pneumonia in dogs. The fact that certain dog breeds are more prone to pneumonia than the other breeds has a medical proof.

Pneumonia in Dogs - Symptoms

The symptoms of pneumonia in dogs can help detect this disease in time and save your dog. They are as follows:

• Frequent coughing
• Fever
• Dehydration
• Facing breathing problems
• Mucous secretions
• Appetite loss
• Nasal discharge
• Panting and lethargic behavior

The bulging out of the lips of the dog, rapid breaths, blue color of the tongue and lips and increase in the body temperature are some other signs which are among the other symptoms that show there are some problems with the dog's health. As the oxygen content in the blood decreases, the health problems in the dogs aggravate to a great extent.

Pneumonia in Dogs - Treatment

The cure can be carried out at home, if the dog's condition is not too serious and it is having its food normally. The veterinary doctor will ideally give stress on the optimal hydration by the application of the fluid therapy. Your dog may also have to undergo airway humidification using a vaporizer. Opening the delicate bronchial tubes by giving medicines such as terbutaline, theophylline or albuterol is also necessary. In the treatment for pneumonia, gentle taps are given to the wall of the chest of your dog to assist the process of coughing. The antitussive drugs however, are not recommended for suppressing the reflexes of the cough in the dogs.

The treatment involves solving the problem of breathing difficulty due to oxygen shortage by giving supplemental oxygen. Hospitalization might be required in many cases and giving humidified oxygen is also very essential. Removal of external elements which are supposed to be the root causes of pneumonia in dogs, can be done with a surgical procedure which is also a part of the treatment of pneumonia. The antibiotic treatment should be given after taking into consideration the dog health at that particular point of time and the suggestions of the veterinarians. Nebulizers, which actually contain antibiotic medicines, are also used as they help to provide the necessary moisture.

Everyone knows that dogs are known as a man's best friend, and if you want his companionship for a longer time, you should take appropriate dog care measures while carrying on the treatment. Act fast and do not wait for the situation to worsen, if you discover any health problems in your pet dog.

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Milk Thistle for Dogs

Milk thistle, also known in Latin as Silybum marianum or Silymarin, is an effective herb used predominantly for natural liver treatment. It is a bioflavonoid and a flowering member of the aster family, and is originally found in Europe and parts of the United States. The seeds and roots of this herb have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient Roman times, and so it is primarily used for detoxifying and regenerating the liver. Liver as we know helps in breaking down and removing toxins and chemical from the body. Milk thistle's detoxifying properties prevent liver damage due to exposure to these toxins and chemicals in dogs as well as in humans. The active ingredient in milk thistle silymarin, which gets selectively accumulated in the liver, not only cures liver diseases in dogs but also protects against tumor growth.

Milk Thistle Benefits for Canines

• Milk thistle protects the liver against drugs and heavy metals and is highly effective in treating variety of liver diseases. It activates protein synthesis and stimulates growth of new liver cells in place of those that are damaged or dead.
• Milk thistle for dogs with liver problems like hepatitis, fatty liver, cholangitis, pericholangitis and hepatic lipidosis helps curing these problems by increasing the intracellular levels of glutathione, a substance necessary for detoxifying reactions.
• It also has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which help in destroying oxygen free radicals that causes degenerative diseases including cancer, and treating gallstones and inflammatory bowel disease respectively.
• Milk thistle given to the pet after a drug regime can protect the dog's liver against damage or ill-effects from the chemicals. This may comprise chemicals taken for treatment of any kind of illness or even vaccinations or heartworm, tick and flea preventive applications.
• Ingestion of Amanita phalloides mushrooms by the dogs can cause severe liver damage in them. These mushrooms comprise two most toxic liver poisons phalloidin and amanitin that may lead to liver imbalance and eventual death in dogs. Silymarin in milk thistle if given before ingestion of these mushrooms, is nearly 100% effective in preventing death and liver damage in dogs.
• Leptospirosis (a bacterial infection) and pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) are some common canine liver problems and related diseases that can be treated with milk thistle.

Milk Thistle Dosage

Although no toxic effects of milk thistle have been reported so far, but in some cases it may cause loose stool in dogs as a result of increased bile flow and secretion. Therefore, standard dosage of milk thistle extract contains 70 to 80 percent silymarin and most supplements of milk thistle contain about 100 to 200 mg of the herb. Since milk thistle is safe on dogs, dogs with advanced liver disease are recommended a dosage as high as 200 mg per 10 pounds of body weight and for other liver problems recommended dosage is 75 to 100 mg per 10 pounds of body weight per day. However, if milk thistle causes upset stomach, gas or mild diarrhea in dogs, simply reduce the dosage or consult a veterinarian as long term usage of milk thistle can eventually suppress liver function.

Milk thistle for dogs comes in a powder, capsule or liquid form. However, it's not recommended to give milk thistle in liquid form to dogs as it may contain alcohol. Therefore, consult a veterinarian before giving milk thistle to your pet, and read the ingredients carefully before purchasing.

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Dog Liver Disease Diet

The liver is one of the largest organs of a dog's body, with numerous essential functions that help the dogs to be healthy and hearty. It plays a major role in the process of metabolism by removing blood toxins from the system. Due to certain reasons like viral or bacterial infections, food poisoning, metal poisoning, congenital abnormalities, and heredity issues, dogs may develop certain liver diseases. Several dog breeds on the other hand, like the Doberman Pinscher, Bedlington Terrier, Miniature Schnauzer, West Highland White Terrier, etc., are also at risk of liver diseases, since they are unable to digest certain minerals like copper. However, it is important to understand that most of the canine liver diseases are prevalent in all dogs, irrespective of their breeds.

When a pet dog is suffering with a liver problem, it is evident in the form of various symptoms like loss of appetite, fatigue or laziness, weight loss, lack of interest in regular activities, increased thirst, jaundice, changes in the color of urine, abdominal palpitations, etc. When it comes to treatment or management of the liver disease in dogs, the veterinarian prescribes a few medications that promote easy removal of the elements which may have caused this liver problem, in the first place. Along with optional hospitalization (severe cases), proper dietary management of the liver disease is the best thing that you can do as the owner of the dog. Dog liver disease diet is also called dog diet therapy for liver disease, which involves various modifications as per the special condition of a particular dog.

Diet for Dogs with Liver Disease

There are four prime goals of a diet for dog liver disease. These goals include, to provide adequate nutrients that are required for the dog's health, to promote the process of liver cell regeneration with the help of proper medications, to avoid accumulation of certain minerals and harmful elements like free radicals by making the correct dietary modifications, and to prevent further damage and other health complications that may have been caused due to the severity of certain liver diseases. For instance, hepatic encephalopathy and ascites. Healthy food for dogs should contain a good balance of certain components, including proteins, fibers, vitamins and minerals. Let's get into these details.

Proteins: Liver diseases in dogs hinder protein absorption. While a regular diet of a healthy dog should contain at least 25% of protein rich foods, dog food for the dogs with liver disease should contain only 20% of proteins. The amount or protein gets further reduced if the dog is suffering with hepatic encephalopathy. In such cases, the veterinarian would advise you to feed the dog with special low protein dog food. While adding protein to the dog food, make sure that it is healthy and high quality protein with least amount of saturated fats and high amount of essential fatty acids like omega 3. For instance, soy protein isolates, dairy products and wheat gluten. You may retain around 30% to 50% of their regular calorie intake as well.

Fibers: Both soluble fibers and insoluble fibers should be included in the diet. Soluble fibers help in absorption of ammonia and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria that quickens the process of liver cell regeneration. Insoluble fibers, on the other hand, assist the dog's digestive health and prevents issues like constipation. They also bind toxins and promote their removal. It is the reason why one needs to confirm with the veterinarian and include healthy sources of fibers like beets, various vegetables and fruits, while preparing the dog food. Along with fibers, indigestible carbs should also be included in the dog food for liver diseases.

Vitamins: Including healthy amounts of antioxidants is a must, while planning a diet for dogs with liver diseases. Antioxidants are gained from various vitamins like vitamin A, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, etc., that are present in fresh vegetables, meat dairy products and fish, and certain herbs like milk thistle. Also include other antioxidants like Phosphatidylcholine (PC), S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe), Silymarin or Silibinin, etc.; that have preventive properties against liver damages under normal circumstances. These nutrients should be included in the form of oral supplements. The veterinarian would provide appropriate vitamin supplements to your pet dog, and would also give you the directions of feeding them to the dog.

Minerals: While making proper dietary adjustments for the liver disease in dogs, one needs to make sure that certain minerals like potassium, sodium and copper are not included in higher amounts. In fact, experts suggest that potassium food sources should be completely avoided. The amount of sodium should also be restricted, especially when the dog is obese or has hypertension. The intake of copper should also be restricted amongst the dog breeds that I mentioned in the introduction. These breeds are likely to develop liver disease due to lack of copper excretion.

Best Dog Food for Liver Disease

You can either follow healthy dog food recipes at home or choose certain healthy dog food brands upon confirmation with the veterinarian. There are certain dog food brands that provide foods for the dogs that are suffering with liver diseases. There are a few healthy recipes for dog food that you can prepare too, after consulting with the veterinarian. Here are a few.

Recipe 1

Ingredients Chicken breast, cup Rice, 3 cups Carrots, 1 cup Wheat bran, cup Canola oil, 1 tbsp Water, 5 cups

Procedure Heat up oil in a pan and add chicken breast, wheat bran, rice and carrots to it. Stir well and add 2 cups of water to the mixture. Cover up the pan and let the mixture cook for about 20 minutes. Keep stirring the ingredients occasionally. Check whether the chicken and rice is cooked well and remove the pan from heat. Let the food cool, before serving it to the dog.

Recipe 2

Ingredients Minced beef, (15% fat), 1 cup Rice, 2 cups Tofu, 2 cups Carrots, cup Wheat bran, cup Canola oil, 1 tbsp Water, 5 cups

Procedure Heat up oil in a pan and add minced beef, wheat bran, rice, tofu and carrots to it. Stir well and add water to the pan. Cover the pan and let the mixture simmer on medium to low heat for about 20 minutes. Keep stirring occasionally in the meanwhile. Check if both the meat and rice are cooked completely and then remove the pan from heat. Let it cool, before serving to the dog.

Recipe 3

Ingredients Egg, 1 Potatoes, 3 cups Chicken fat, 1 tbsp Multivitamin and multi-mineral tablet, Calcium Carbonate tablet, 1

Procedure Heat up water in a pan and boil the egg and potatoes together (don't remove the skin). Remove the egg skin though. Take a bowl and mashed potatoes (with skin) and the egg, together. Then add crushed tablets of multivitamin, minerals and calcium carbonate. Mix all the ingredients well and serve to the dog with this low protein dog food.

As you can see, a diet specially for dog liver disease is totally different to what you must have been feeding your dog, otherwise. Always remember that proper medications and dietary changes with appropriate medical interventions, provide relief and promote quick recovery from canine liver diseases. All the best!

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Why Do Dogs Have Cold and Wet Noses

I had gotten so used to being woken up by my pet dog poking his cold and wet nose into my face every morning, that I'd hardly given it a thought for quite some time. Till one morning, his nose didn't feel cold and wet. Instead it was warm and dry. That is when I gave it some thought, and wondered to myself, "Why do dogs have cold and wet noses?" Here are a few of the reasons that I found. Read on, if you are as curious as I was.

Reasons Why Dogs Have Cold and Wet Noses

There are a few reasons as to why dogs have cold, wet noses, and in the following paragraphs I will elaborate on those points. Unlike what many people assume, it is not one of the major symptoms of cold in your dog. Some of the reasons stated below have scientific backing and research, while others are logical. Let's take a look at them.

1. Cooling Mechanism
Dogs do not have sweat glands all over their body, unlike humans. There is no way for them to release the heat that is building up in their bodies, except from their paws and through their noses. They have the eccrine sweat glands in the skin of their noses, which help slightly to regulate their body temperature by keeping the nose moist, although the main thermo-regulation comes from panting, urinating, and sweating from the paws.

2. Heightens Olfactory Sense
A wet nose heightens the olfactory sense of dogs. Smell is carried by different gases in the air. Since the dog's nose is wet, the gases (carrying the smell) settle more easily on the nose and thus aid smelling. Just like when we wet our hands, and even lightly touch salt and sugar, the grains stick to our fingers, which wouldn't be the case if our hands were really dry. It works in a similar fashion, except that the odor molecules are not visible to the naked eye. This helps working dogs when they are supposed to track down things and people, by picking up their scent. The dog's nose also frequently secretes a thin layer of mucus, to keep the nose moist and trap the odor molecules.

3. Licking and Cleaning
These are the more obvious reasons why dogs have cold and wet noses. Dogs continuously keep licking their noses. This is partly to keep it moist to aid in cooling them down, while the other reason is to clean their noses, specially after meals. This also helps them to prevent mucus from building up on their noses, so that their noses are not blocked. Blocked noses will not help them smell anything, which is their primary strength. Wet noses exposed to air will be cold.

4. Evolutionary Attribute
Wet and cold noses are not only associated with dogs, but many other animals too. It is very prominent in dogs. This adaptation developed in the process of evolution, since it helped them sniff and track their prey and predators better. It would either help them in hunting, or in case of the hunted, protect them from their predators. It proved very useful for hunting dogs, and has been passed down, even though many breeds have now been domesticated.

The wet and cold noses of dogs are also linked to their health. If a dog has a wet and cold nose, it usually means that he is healthy. But this is not the most reliable indication of his health. When dogs have been inactive for a while, like when they have been sleeping, their noses may become dry and slightly warm. This does not mean that they are unwell. Sometimes even dogs with perfectly wet and cold noses may also be sick. The best (and my favorite) explanation, though, is the legend! Here is how the legend goes...

5. The Legend
We all know the story of Noah's Ark, right? And how the animals went in pairs on the ark? The dogs were there too. Soon after everyone had gotten on, there was a small scare on the ark. A tiny hole was discovered in the ark, which was causing it to flood. This hole was discovered by a dog who used his wit and jammed his nose into the hole to stop the ark from flooding. While he was sitting there with his nose in the hole, his mate went and alerted Noah about the situation. Noah then repaired the ark, and the problem was solved because of the quick wit and selfless nature of the dog. God was very happy with the dogs and so he bestowed them with cold and wet noses as a sign of good health! And that is why dogs have cold and wet noses. Next time someone asks you the reason, tell them it's a gift from God!

Jokes apart, if your dog's nose turns from wet to runny, it could be a symptom of cold, in which case, it is better to have him checked by his vet, rather than assuming that their noses are supposed to be that way.

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Hemolytic Anemia in Dogs

Hemolytic anemia is a serious dog illness that can affect canines of any breed at any age. The severity of it can vary from being mild, requiring only timely medication to being life-threatening, requiring complete and undivided attention from the pet owner. Hence, it is important to understand in detail, what exactly is this disease and how to cure it.

Hemolytic anemia in dogs, is a type of anemia, where the red blood cells get destructed prematurely, due to a variety of factors leading to a shortage of functional red blood cells, which may result in hypoxia and even death. It is a relatively uncommon dog health problem.

Types and Causes
Hemolytic anemia can occur due to various reasons. It can be hereditary, which is present from birth and which starts showing symptoms quite earlier on, or it can be acquired due to a disease or due to toxins. It is important to know the root cause underlying the disease, so as to reach a proper diagnosis and thus, chalk out an effective treatment plan.

Membrane Defect Hemolytic Anemia: This condition is caused due to defective membranes of the red blood cells. This includes sickle cell anemia, hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis.

Hemoglobin Defective Hemloytic Anemia: This type of hemolytic anemia occurs due to malfunctioning or unstable hemoglobin in the red blood cell. This is one of the main hemolytic anemia causes. This type also includes thalassemia.

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: In this condition, the immune system of the dog is involved, where the body starts generating antibodies against the red blood cells, by wrongly identifying them as foreign bodies. This leads to destruction of healthy red blood cells.

Induced Hemolytic Anemia: One of the rarer hemolytic anemia causes is, when its induced due to an infection or drugs. This occurs in severe cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome, septicemia, pneumonia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, etc. Also, certain drugs can induce an allergic reaction, which manifests itself as hemolytic anemia in dogs. These include drugs such as dapsone, chlorates, etc.

Hemolytic Anemia Symptoms
Mentioned below is a list of hemolytic anemia symptoms found in dogs:

• Fatigue: Due to depleted levels of oxygen, hemolytic anemia in dogs typically manifests as weakness, fatigue and severe lethargy. Your canine may get tired after running short distances. He may start panting or suddenly sit down after running.
• Jaundice: It is often seen that in hemolytic anemia, bilirubin levels shoot up, due to the excessive destruction of red blood cells. This typically manifests as jaundice. Due to this high rate of red blood cell breakdown in hemolytic anemia, bilirubin levels may even accumulate in the blood and be excreted in urine, leading to darkening of urine. This is one of the most serious symptoms. There are also raised levels of other enzymes in dogs hemolytic anemia, which help in diagnosing the condition.
• Hypertrophy of Spleen: Due to overload on the spleen, for the increased rate of destruction of red blood cells, the spleen increases in size, which is known as splenomegaly. However, on most occasions, the bone marrow cannot keep up with the fall in red blood cell count, thus leading to eventual worsening of the condition.
• Breathlessness: Breathlessness is one of the first symptoms. The dog shows rapid breathing (tachypnea) after even routine activities like running.
• Depletion of Folate Levels: Due to continuing hemolysis, there is a depletion of folate levels, which is one of the hemolytic anemia symptoms
• Miscellaneous symptoms: Fever, seizures, hematuria (presence of blood in urine), peripheral neuropathy. Most of these symptoms in dogs, occur towards the last stages of the disease

Tests and Diagnosis
Here are some tests that can help you diagnose the problem:

• Peripheral Blood Smear: This test will normally reveal fragments of red blood cells, which are ruptured. In case of hereditary spherocytosis, the blood cells maybe smaller and rounder. Reticulocyte count is often elevated.
• Packed Cell Volume Test: This is a relatively simple, and quick test which helps in finding the number of red blood cells present.
• Coombs Test: This test is also called the antiglobulin test or direct Coombs test. It is the perfect test to confirm autoimmune hemolytic anemia symptoms. This test checks for the presence of antibodies that cause premature destruction of the red blood cells.
• Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Test: This helps to test for hemoglobin instability, especially in cases of membrane defect hemolytic anemia.
• Radiographs: In certain cases, radiographs and ultrasound examinations maybe helpful in confirming the presence of hemolytic anemia.
• Miscellaneous tests: There are certain tests that check for pigments and enzymes, whose levels are altered in hemolytic anemia. Bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase and urobilinogen show elevated levels, while the levels of haptogloben go down in hemolytic anemia

Treatment Options
Hemolytic anemia treatment has to be formulated after a detailed analysis of the case at hand. The treatment plan will differ depending on the severity of the case, the type of hemolytic anemia present and various other factors. Hence, it is imperative that a veterinarian pay special attention to the dog's signs and symptoms before starting the treatment.

Use of Corticosteroids: Many steroids are very helpful in cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in dogs. These normally form the mainstay of hemolytic anemia treatment. Ideally, steroids should suffice in treating autoimmune related hemolytic anemia, at least in the early stages of the disease. Prednisone is one of the commonly used steroid. Although this is not a definitive treatment, it helps bring the severity of the disease under control. It must only be prescribed in the right dose by a certified veterinarian, as overuse of this drug can lead to prednisone side effects in dogs. If steroids fail to bring the condition under control, then stronger drugs like azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine can be used. At later stages danazol can be administered, after tapering down the dosage of corticosteroids.

Blood Transfusion: In severe cases, when the hemoglobin level of the dog falls drastically, blood transfusions may become a necessary part of hemolytic anemia treatment. But before transfusion, the blood must be typed and matched to prevent any transfusion reactions. Transfusions should be given only in very severe cases, as the introduction of foreign proteins can intensify the situation in some dogs.

Intravenous Immunoglobulin: Human intravenous immunoglobulin contains immunoglobulins, which is extracted from human blood plasma. It is used in certain canines which do not respond to other therapies.

Splenectomy: This is a surgery which is done to remove the spleen. It is occasionally recommended for non-responsive cases of hemolytic anemia. It helps improve the condition of the dog by generating less antibodies against the red blood cells. It is a rare option in hemolytic anemia treatment.

Administration of Folic Acid and Intravenous Fluids: Normally, ongoing hemolysis of red blood cells can lead to depleted levels of folic acid. For this, the dog may require additional externally administered folic acid. The exact dosage is to be given by the veterinarian. Also, often intravenous fluid administration is indicated for dogs, as this helps prevent dehydration and also aids in maintaining electrolyte balance.

Treating any Underlying Disease: In some cases, hemolytic anemia maybe a complication due to some other disease like infectious mononucleosis, pneumonia, malaria, septicemia, etc. In such cases, it is always important to get rid of the main disease present as soon as possible, as this will help automatically abate the severity of the disease and bring about a significant improvement in your dog's health. Also, certain chemicals or drugs may lead to hemolysis of red blood cells as an effect of an allergic reaction or poisoning. In such cases, as soon as such a reaction ensues, rush your dog to a veterinarian, as he may require a stomach lavage or an intravenous drug to counter the effects of the drug or poison.

Thus, it is important to pay attention to dog care when your canine has hemolytic anemia. Do not overstress the dog by excessively playing with him. Try to limit his physical activities. Provide adequate nutrition by giving your canine good dog food, along with the proper prescribed medication. And of course, visit the veterinarian regularly as it is a grievous condition, and you should do everything you can to cure it. After all, like they say, dog is a man's best friend, and you'd do anything for your best friend, wouldn't you?

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How Much to Feed a Puppy

Bringing home a pet is full of responsibilities. A pet dog is a living creature who too needs food and water to survive. If you ask someone how to feed a puppy, they may probably laugh at you. The answer may come as, 'It's just common sense, feed him the amount that satisfies his hunger'. However, I beg to differ. If you are asking the question how much to feed a puppy, then you are really a smart owner who genuinely cares for his pet. Just like you will not feed anything and everything to a human baby, puppies too need specific food in appropriate quantities. Correct dog food will help meet the growing requirements of your puppy and help in develop into a strong dog. Let us have a look at the correct feeding a puppy schedule in the following paragraphs.

Types of Dog Food
Which is the best puppy food and where to find it? When you visit a pet store or your local grocery market, you will come across a variety of types and brands of dog food. You will find there are three types of dog food available, dry kibble, semi-moist and moist. Puppies should be fed dry kibble as recommended by many veterinarians as well as dog trainers. This is because most of the moist foods are high in fat and contain more than 80 to 83% water. The semi-moist contain about 55% water and are very high in salt and sugar levels. The dry puppy food is better than the above two as it contain less amount of water content, high amount of nutrition and is much easier to feed the young pup.

Now, we come to choosing the right brand of dog food for your puppy. The best dog food for puppies is the one that contains good quality ingredients. You should not go in for the economy brands of dog food as most of them use substandard ingredients. The protein contents in these dog food has low digestibility. This means, your puppy will eat less and less and get none of the needed nutrition to grow healthy. You can go into for the regular brands of dog food, if you cannot stretch your budget for the premium brands. Speak to your pups veterinarian for more information, regarding the best brand and type of dog food for your puppy.

Feeding Schedule for a Puppy
When you get home a new puppy, you should make sure you ask the previous owner or dog breeder about the brand and type of food they fed the puppy. Feed you little pup with the same food so that you not upset his sensitive digestive system. Gradually, switch to a new feeding schedule over a time span of 7 to 10 days. You should only feed the dog the food he had previously for the first week at your home. Then, feed him 75% of the ongoing type of puppy food mixed with 25% of the new type of food you choose from him. Carry on with this diet for the next 7 to 10 days and gradually change the proportion to 50-50. Continue with this schedule for a week or so and then feed the dog 75% of the new type of dog food mixed with 25% of the old type of dog food. Finally, after 10 days or so, switch over to the new brand of dog food completely. This will not only help the digestive system of the puppy adjust to the new food, but also help the puppy develop the taste for it. This will also help you spot any type of sensitivities or dog food allergies due to the new dog food. Your puppy may vomit or have diarrhea due to food sensitivity. This will help you switch over to a new dog food that is suitable of the puppy's sensitive tummy.

Feeding a Puppy
The mother's milk contains antibodies and other nutrition that helps make the puppies immune system strong. Weaning puppies should take place gradually after they are about 4 weeks old. You should begin feeding your puppy with one part water with four parts of puppy food. This puppy food should be based on the weight of the puppy and recommendation from the veterinarian. You should add more water, if you find the puppy finds it hard to chew to food. Feed the puppy 4 times a day. This feeding schedule for a puppy needs to be followed for a 6 to 8 week old puppy. A puppy needs to eat more food than an adult dog.

Once the puppy is about 8 week old, you need to feed him a balanced dog food about 2 to 3 times a day. Make sure you include meat in his diet. Read for if the commercial dog food does contain meat. Once the puppy is about 3 to 6 months old, feed him 2 twice a day. Increase the amount of food, once you begin feeding him twice a day. After the puppy is about 6 months old to 1 year of age, you can continue to feed him puppy food. Once he is over 1-year-old, you can switch over to adult food and feed him 2 small meals a day. Veterinarians today, recommend a small breed dog can be fed puppy food till there is about 1-year-old and large breed dogs can be fed puppy food till they are 2 years old. For more advice in this context, speak to your puppy's veterinarian for advice.

Feeding a Puppy Based on Weight
You should feed your dog the amount of food based on his weight. But, taking the weight of puppy into consideration is not enough, you should also consider the amount of energy it uses up with his daily activities. If he is a very active dog, then feed him slightly more than average. You can follow the following feeding schedule according to weight:

• 11 pound dog - 3 to 5 ounces food/day
• 11 to 22 pounds - 4 to 6 ounces food/day
• 22 to 55 pounds - 10 to 12 ounces food/day

Follow a strict feeding schedule for the puppy. Speak to the veterinarian regarding the type and brand of dog food for advice. Also, speak to your veterinarian regarding amount of food to be fed to your puppy. He will be able to analyze the quantity and requirement after examining your puppy. Do not feed your puppy anything from the table or leftovers from last night. This will cause serious dog health problems and affect the development of your puppy. Feed your puppy only the best dog food on the market. Hope, you have found some useful information related to puppy feeding schedule from the above paragraphs.

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Dog Health Questions and Answers

"Dogs are not our whole life, but they make our lives whole." Roger CarasDogs are more than just pets, and anyone who has had a pet dog in his life, will agree to this. We love our dogs and want them to be healthy and happy, wagging their tails in glee! However, just like we humans have health issues, even dogs fall prey to ailments. Hence, it is essential that you are aware of the common health problems of dogs, so that your dog receives prompt treatment, whenever he is ill. So, what are the many diseases that affect dogs? Well, many of the dog health problems are similar to humans, such as diabetes, arthritis, cancer and even depression. And you need not worry because most of the illnesses that affect dogs, can be cured with proper treatment. An early diagnosis of the health problem can help in quick recovery of your dog. Now, let us take a look at few dog health questions and answers, that can help solve your queries.

Disclaimer: This Buzzle article is for informative purposes only, and should not be used as a replacement for expert advice.

List of Questions on Dog Health

1. Behavior and General Health
2. Feeding Habit
3. Respiratory Health
4. Skin Problems
5. Dental Health
6. Digestive Health
7. Orthopedic Health (Bones and Joints)
8. Reproductive Health
9. Infection and Fleas
10. Diabetes
11. Other Diseases and Health Problems

Questions on Behavior and General Health

Is my dog overweight?Obesity is not just a problem in humans, and even dogs can be overweight, chiefly due to overeating and lack of exercise. Many of the dog owners are unaware that their pet is overweight. Usually, veterinarians use a scale of 9 to find out whether a dog is obese or not. 1 indicates an underweight dog while 9 indicates an extremely obese dog. A recent survey concluded that more than 50 percent pet dogs are obese. Obesity in dogs leads to cardiovascular health problems and hence, should not be neglected. Visit a veterinarian to find out whether your dog is overweight or not, and follow the prescribed method to reduce its weight.
Why is my dog shedding/losing hair so much?Shedding is normal in dogs and is something which irritates dog owners a lot. There are no non-shedding dog breeds, it is just that some dog breeds shed comparatively less, while others tend to shed excessively. So, you need to find out which group your dog belongs to. Shedding is also affected by seasonal changes, nutritional changes, skin infections, etc. Grooming your dog regularly can help reduce the rate of shedding. If you observe that your dog sheds excessively and you suspect that there is some other reason, it is recommended that you consult a vet.
Why is my dog licking everything?A very common question asked by dog owners is, "Why do dogs lick?" Dogs consider licking as the way of expressing love for their owner. Thus, this behavior is usually ignored by all the dog owners. However, if you observe that your dog is licking everything quite frequently, then you need to be cautious. Excessive licking can be a cause of behavioral disorder. Also, too much licking can be associated with some medical problem. Thus, the treatment depends on the underlying cause. For the behavioral disorder, you can approach a pet trainer and make your dog get rid of this habit.
How often should I take my dog to a vet?Frequency of your visits to a veterinarian, largely depends on the health condition of your dog. If your dog is healthy, you can give a visit after every six months or so. However, if your dog is suffering from an illness, then you should ask the veterinarian how often you should visit. When you notice any abnormal physical or psychological behavior in your dog, it is recommended that you visit the veterinarian at the earliest.
How often should I take my dog for a walk?There are no framed rules for how many times a day you should take your dog for a walk. However, you should take your dog for a walk, at least once a day, for thirty minutes. Walking is an essential part of the exercise routine of your dog, and it ensures good health of your dog. Training puppies to walk on a leash is a simple job and you need to take some simple steps for the same. Walking will not only avoid health problems like obesity, but will also help your dog to socialize.
How many and which vaccinations to give?Vaccination is a very important part of dog grooming, that will ensure a healthy life of your pet. Whenever you get a new puppy, the very first priority should be
vaccination. There are a number of vaccinations available for various types of dog diseases. There is a standard schedule designed for vaccination, depending on the breed of dog. Vaccinations are available for lyme disease, rabies, distemper, parvovirus, etc.
Why is my dog panting excessively?Why do dogs pant? In dogs, panting is a source of releasing body heat or decreasing body temperature, because unlike humans, dogs do not sweat. Though dog panting is quite common, excessive panting in dogs should not be neglected. Make a note that certain dog breeds pant excessively due to their facial structure, which includes dogs with small heads (bulldogs, pugs, etc). Even obese dogs pant too much. Sometimes, there can be some underlying cause that makes your dog pant excessively. Such causes can include stroke, heartworm infection, congestive heart failure, obesity, etc. Thus, in case of excessive panting, it is necessary that you consult a vet to find out the root cause, and start the appropriate treatment at the earliest.[Back to Index]

Questions on Feeding Habit

Why is my dog eating grass?Everyone knows that dogs are carnivores, then why do dogs eat grass? This is a very common question asked by many pet owners, which really does not have a straight answer. There can be many answers to this question,which include, an upset stomach, vitamin or mineral deficiency or just the fact that your dog loves the taste of grass! Grass eating is usually not a problem, until you are sure that the grass is free of harmful pesticides and chemicals. A dietary deficiency of fiber is linked to grass eating. In some cases, when fiber sources were added to the dog's diet, grass eating was not noticed anymore. Grass eating is not harmful but ensure that it is not excessive.
Why is my dog eating poop?You may have seen your dog eating poop of itself or some other animal and must be wondering why do dogs eat poop? You may find it quite disgusting and yucky. Poop eating or stool eating is usually noticed in puppies, and is termed as coprophagia. There are number of reasons that can lead to poop eating. Some researches relate poop eating to dietary deficiency, while some others say that it can be a method of seeking attention. Poop eating can cause health problems if the poop is infectious due to the presence of harmful worms, virus or bacteria. If poop eating is a result of behavioral reasons, then you need not worry, as you can get rid of this habit by training your dog not to eat poop. However, you may need to consult a vet if your dog is eating poop because of some medical disorder.
Why is my dog throwing up/vomiting?This is one of the most common health problems noticed in dogs. There are a number of reasons that can cause vomiting. You should try to find the exact cause because some of the causes can be life-threatening. Problems in digestion, overeating, infection, liver inflammation, gastritis, etc. are some of the reasons that can lead to vomiting. Initially, you can change the diet of your dog and observe if it vomits. Because of the wide array of possible causes, diagnosing the problem can be a bit difficult. So, consult a vet at the earliest, when your dog throws up or vomits frequently.
Why is my dog not eating?Loss of appetite, dislike of the food's taste, behavioral problem, illness, etc are some of the reasons which can make your dog stop eating food. Your dog may not like the smell of the food and hence may avoid eating it.
Try and experiment with dog foods that can make your pet want to eat. Sometimes, injury or illness can cause discomfort to the pet, and leads to refusal of food. Viral infections and digestive problems can also be the reasons why your dog is not eating food. Always consult a vet at the earliest, when you observe that your dog is not eating food.
What should I feed my dog?Dogs are omnivorous and you can feed your dog whatever is nutritious and healthy. Every dog owner should ensure a balanced diet for their pet, which compromises of commercial, as well as natural foods. While choosing commercial food for your dog, make sure that it is the one recommended by a veterinarian, as every dog breed has different requirements. A dog's diet should contain sources that will contribute 50% carbohydrates and 25% protein. An adequate amount of water is necessary to avoid dehydration. Making your own dog food is a good way to feed a nutritional diet to your pet. Onion, garlic, bread, raisins, cooked bones, etc, are some of the foods that you should not feed your dog.[Back to Index]

Questions on Respiratory Health

Why is my dog coughing?There is a broad array of illnesses that can be related to coughing in dogs. It is one of the symptoms that is a result of other health problems. Coughing can be caused by inhaling some irritant, or can be caused due to a fatal problem like heart disease. Due to the many causes associated with it, diagnosing the exact cause for coughing can be difficult. Kennel cough, heart failure, fungal infection, allergies, pneumonia, etc, are some of the causes of coughing. Thus, determining the cause with the help of a vet is necessary, to provide the dog with proper treatment.
Why is my dog sneezing?Sneezing is commonly observed in dogs and is usually not a cause of concern. Sneezing can be treated as a symptom of some other health problems, that include, upper respiratory tract infection, dust allergy or tumor. Tumor is associated with a discharge of blood while sneezing.
If your dog is sneezing frequently, then make a visit to the veterinarian, to find out the underlying cause. Physical examination helps to find out the root cause, and appropriate treatment can be given.
Why does my dog have a runny nose?Like other respiratory problems, runny nose can also be an indication of some other health problem. If the fluid that comes out of the nose is clear, then runny nose in dogs is not a serious health issue. But if you notice a colored discharge from the nose, then you should visit a vet at the earliest. Nasal mites, infection, allergies, etc are some of the causes of runny nose in dogs. Presence of blood in the nasal discharge can be a symptom of nasal cancer.[Back to Index]

Questions on Skin Problems

What are some common canine skin diseases?Canine skin diseases are common complaints that dog owners come up with. Dogs are susceptible to many types of skin infections, which include parasitic skin diseases, fungal infections, allergic infections or bacterial infection. Scabies in dogs is one such skin disorder caused by parasites. Depending on the cause, skin diseases need to be treated using different methods. A physical examination and a detailed study of the dog's medical history is essential for providing appropriate treatment.
Does my dog have mange?Mange in dogs can be very painful, and there are two types of mange; sarcoptic mange and demodectic mange. Demodectic mange is caused due to the demodectic mite, while sarcoptic mange is caused due to the sarcoptic mite. These mites lay eggs in the affected area, leading to severe inflammation of the skin. Red spots, infection, hair loss in the affected area, blisters, itching and irritation, are some of the common symptoms of mange. Mange is caused due to microscopic parasites that live on your dog's skin. It is necessary that every dog owner is aware of the symptoms of mange in dogs. If timely treatment is not given, it may lead to death. So, whenever you suspect that your dog has mange, consult a veterinarian at the earliest.
Does my dog have allergies?Allergies are some of the common reasons that cause itching and scratching in dogs. There are many factors that lead to dog allergies. If your dog scratches or itches frequently, then chances are that it suffers from some form of allergy. Here is a list of some common symptoms of dog allergies,

• Constant rubbing of eyes and face.
• Licking and scratching all over the body.
• Chewing and licking of paws.
• Reddening of the armpits and groin area.

Allergies can develop due to food, mold, fungus, plant pollen, etc. If you notice the above mentioned symptoms in your dog, approach a veterinarian, to diagnose what type of allergy your dog is suffering from. Once the type of allergy is detected, the veterinarian will guide you with what type of medication should be given to your dog, to reduce the symptoms.
Does my dog have worms?Maximum number of dogs are born with worms, that are transferred from their mother. But there can be other sources of worm infestations. Worms are nothing but parasites, that live in your dog's body. Tapeworms, hookworms, ringworm and heartworms are some of the worms that can infect dogs. Each of these worms show different symptoms. Weight loss, bloated stomach, low energy level, etc, are some of the symptoms of worm infestations in dogs. When worms are present, they can usually be found in the feces. Dog worms are easy to treat, if timely treatment is provided. Regular deworming is the best way to avoid health problems due to worms. So, consult your vet and get a deworming schedule for your pet.
Does my dog have fleas?Dog fleas are another health problem that causes trouble to dog owners. Fleas are small insects found on the dog's skin and these reproduce very fast. Scratching and itching are two common symptoms of flea infection.
It is better to consult a veterinarian when you doubt that your dog is infected by fleas, because itching and scratching can be associated with other dog allergies also. There are natural remedies available to prevent fleas in dogs. Fleas can make your dog anemic and hence, should be treated at the earliest.
Does my dog have ticks?Ticks are certainly dreadful enemies of your dog. These are parasites that are visible to the naked eye and they suck blood through the dog's skin. Ticks are small round spider-like insects. To learn more on how ticks actually look, make a search on the Internet and you will find images that will help you identify ticks. Some infected ticks can cause diseases like Lyme disease to your dog, which needs an immediate treatment. Hence, every dog owner should learn to identify ticks. If you find any such parasite on your dog's body and if you are not sure whether it is a tick or not, better visit a veterinarian. Dog tick removal can be done by yourself and you may not require a veterinarian's help.[Back to Index]

Questions on Dental Health

How often should I brush my dog's teeth?This is a very important question on dog grooming. Just like humans, dogs also require proper dental care. A good dog owner should brush his/her dog's teeth everyday. If brushing is not possible everyday, you can go for brushing on alternate days. Brushing your dog's teeth regularly, is essential to remove plaques and other foreign particles. It also helps in reducing the risks of periodontal diseases.
A common mistake made by many pet owners is, using their own toothpaste to brush their pet's teeth. These toothpastes contain ingredients that may harm your dog's teeth. Always use a toothpaste and toothbrush specially made for dogs. You can get these from a nearby pet store.
How to get rid of bad breath in dogs?Bad breath, which is medically termed as halitosis, is one of the common dental problems faced by dog owners. Bad breath can be a result of tooth decay, accumulation of food, plaque, periodontal disease, presence of bacteria in the mouth, digestive system problems, respiratory tract problems, etc. Now, when you come across bad breath from your doggie's mouth, the very first thing you should do is take a detailed look into its mouth. If you are unable to make out what exactly is causing bad breath then visit a veterinarian, as he/she can diagnose the reason for bad breath. An annual dental check-up can help you keep an eye on the dental health of your dog. Prevention is always better than cure, so brush your dog's teeth on a regular basis to avoid bad breath.[Back to Index]

Questions on Digestive Health

What is canine pancreatitis?Canine pancreatitis is a fatal inflammatory disease, which is considered to be the result of inadequate nutrition in the diet. It is difficult to diagnose because its symptoms are similar to other health problems. Dehydration, lethargy, fever, abdominal pain and lack of appetite, are some of the symptoms of canine pancreatitis. Dogs that are neutered, overweight and middle-aged, are usually susceptible to this disease. If you doubt that your dog is suffering from canine pancreatitis, you should consult a veterinarian immediately. If canine pancreatitis goes untreated, it may lead to the death of the dog. Once the veterinarian diagnoses that the dog is suffering from chronic pancreatitis, it needs to be hospitalized for treatment. During and after the treatment, you need to give special attention to your dog's diet, because a recommended diet must be followed for quick recovery and proper functioning of the digestive system.
What causes constipation in dogs?Just like humans, even dogs can get constipation. There are plenty of reasons that can cause constipation in dogs. Dogs have the habit of licking their fur, but too much licking can lead to formation of hairballs which block the colon. Even certain medications can cause constipation in dogs. Further, if your dog has consumed some foreign material like stones, bones, dirt, etc., it can also lead to constipation. One more reason for constipation in dogs, is dehydration. So, ensure that your dog drinks a good amount of water daily. A poor quality food which is low in fiber, is the most common cause of constipation. Other than these causes, any injury in the hip region can also cause constipation.
My dog is having constipation. What should I do?Constipation is easy to treat and you need not worry about your dog's health, and the treatment depends on the cause of constipation. If constipation is due to inadequate fiber in the diet, then you must increase fiber content. Make your dog drink more amount of water, and include high fiber dog food in the diet. Give enough amount of exercise to your dog. In most cases, constipation in dogs can be relieved within one or two days. If it requires more time, then it is time to met a veterinarian. Also, constipation due to other causes, may require to be treated differently. A veterinarian can guide you with more specific treatments for different causes of constipation. Stool softeners can be used to expel feces easily.
How will I know if my dog is suffering from intestinal problems?Since dogs are unable to express their discomfort, the signs and symptoms can only be the source of knowing whether the dog has some intestinal problem. There are various types of intestinal problems, caused due to several factors. Parasites like bacteria or worms can be a cause of intestinal problem. Processed food can also cause problems in dog intestine. Vomiting is considered to be one of the early symptoms of intestinal problems in dogs. Other symptoms of intestinal problems include diarrhea, bloating, decreased energy and loss of appetite. If you observe any of these symptoms, then make an appointment with a veterinarian soon for diagnosis and treatment.
What are the signs of upset stomach?Upset stomach is one of the most common dog health problem, that can be caused due to stress, infections, diet problem, etc. When your dog has an upset stomach, it will try to rest all the time. It may eat grass to feel better. Grass consumption usually causes vomiting and can relieve the dog. Other symptoms of upset stomach in dogs include bloating, loss of appetite, fever, etc. Whenever you come across these signs, approach a veterinarian, because these can lead to further health problems like diarrhea, weight loss, etc.
What are the symptoms of gastroenteritis?Gastroenteritis can turn out to be fatal, if timely treatment is not provided to the dog. Diarrhea and acute vomiting are two early and leading symptoms of gastroenteritis in dogs. Other symptoms of gastroenteritis are lethargy, muttering noise in stomach, watery stools, etc. The dog may also show some psychological symptoms like, restlessness and depression. Vomiting and diarrhea can sometimes be the symptoms of other health problems. But gastroenteritis is marked by a sudden onset of these symptoms. Diagnostic tests are necessary to confirm if the dog indeed suffers from gastroenteritis. Diagnostic tests that can help to detect gastroenteritis include blood count, X-ray of abdomen, urine examination, etc.
What is canine liver disease?Canine liver disease is one of the top reasons for death in dogs. This is the reason you should never ignore any of the symptoms that may indicate canine liver disease. Liver, which is the largest organ in the body, plays an important role in almost all the processes that take place in the body. Thus, any problem that causes dysfunctioning of the liver, can cause severe health consequences. The liver is also responsible for eliminating the toxic wastes from the body. Causes of canine liver disease are bacterial infection, genetics, cancer, pancreatitis, prescribed medications for existing health problem, trauma, etc. The mild symptoms during the initial stages of the disease, make diagnosis difficult, and many a time when the disease is diagnosed, the dog has already reached the severe stage of the disease. Here are some of the common symptoms of canine liver disease:

• Gastrointestinal problems like diarrhea, vomiting and constipation.
• Lethargy and depression.
• Abdominal pain.
• Weight loss or loss of appetite.
• Elevated consumption of water and frequent urination.
• Jaundice
• Behavioral changes and seizures.
• Swollen belly.
• Orange urine

The treatment required for canine liver disease depends completely on the cause. Dietary changes need to be done, once liver disease in dog is diagnosed. Whenever you come across any of these symptoms in your dog, then consult a veterinarian immediately and get the required treatment for canine liver disease.
What can cause diarrhea in my dog?Canine diarrhea in itself is not a disease and can act as a symptom of some other health problem. Diarrhea is nothing but frequent passing of watery stools with abnormal color. Diarrhea can be a consequence of eating something that does not suit your dog, or even parasite infection. There are two types of diarrhea in dogs, acute diarrhea and chronic diarrhea. Acute diarrhea is not that severe, as compared to chronic diarrhea. Acute diarrhea is a sudden onset of loose bowels, caused due to consumption of garbage or any food that is indigestible, and can be cured within two to three days. However, chronic diarrhea can be caused due to a number of reasons like food allergy,
kidney disease, bacterial infection, intestinal parasites, etc. Chronic diarrhea can remain for quite a long period of time. The cause of canine diarrhea should be diagnosed at the earliest, to provide proper treatment.
What causes stomach inflammation in dogs?Like humans, even dogs can have stomach inflammation problem. Stomach inflammation is medically termed as gastritis. Inflamed stomach is a result of consumption of any indigestible
substance like garbage, hair, plants, or even toxic substances like detergents and chemicals. Other causes of stomach inflammation are allergy to certain foods, over-consumption of food, medications or drugs. Some serious causes of stomach inflammation are bacterial infection, viral infection, and liver failure. Vomiting, lethargy, refusal of food, increased body temperature, diarrhea, weight loss, etc, are some of the symptoms of stomach inflammation in dogs. You can use home remedies when you notice such symptoms. If the dog does not recover within two days, you need to consult a veterinarian as the condition can be serious.[Back to Index]

Questions on Orthopedic Health

What are the symptoms of arthritis in dogs?Arthritis is very common in older dogs and hence, you need not worry if your dog gets arthritis. Initially, it can be quite difficult to recognize that your dog has arthritis. But if you observe the behavioral changes in your dog, you can easily spot arthritis in dogs. Here is a list of some of the arthritis symptoms in dogs:

• Reduced physical activity
• Gradual development of lameness in both or just one leg
• Difficulty in changing positions
• Swollen joints
• Inability to jump or climb stairs
• Licking the affected part of the body

If you notice any of these signs, you should approach a veterinarian soon. The veterinarian will perform required tests for diagnosing arthritis and will prescribe appropriate treatment for your dog.
What can cause leg pain in my dog? / Why is my dog limping?When your dog finds it difficult to walk, jump or do the physical activities, it indicates pain in the leg. There are several reasons associated with leg pain in dogs. The cause of the leg pain can be as minor as an injury, or some major health problem like arthritis. Other causes of leg pain in dogs, include hip dysplasia, osteoarthritis, panosteitis, hypertrophic osteodystrophy, luxating patella, etc. Diagnosis of the cause of leg pain is necessary for the treatment. So, consult a veterinarian if you find your dog limping.
What are the types of bone fractures in dogs?
Any crack in the bone of the body is called a fracture. This fracture can take place in any bone of the body, like legs, skull, spine, jaw or pelvis. Fractures can be classified based upon the type of the bone that is affected, or even the way the bone is broken. When the bone is fractured in such a way that the overlying skin is left unaffected, the fracture is referred to as closed fracture. On the other hand, when the broken bone projects through the skin, then it is called compound fracture. A greenstick fracture is one where the bone has a crack but remains intact. When a dog has more than one type of fracture in the body, the condition is referred as multiple fracture. Bone fractures in dogs should not be neglected, as some bone fractures, like those in the back, can cause fatal health problems like paralysis. Realignment of the broken bone is possible and the recovery time depends on the type of the fracture.[Back to Index]

Questions on Reproductive Health

Is my dog in heat?This is a very common question asked by female dog owners. Heat cycle is similar to menstrual cycle in humans. Usually, female dogs come in heat twice in a year, with a gap of five to eight months. Blood discharge from vagina and swollen vulva are two common dog heat symptoms. Other than these, your dog may show symptoms like, closeness to male dogs. Frequent urination is one more sign of dogs in heat. Behavioral changes can also be observed during the heat period.
When do female dogs go into heat for the first time? How long does the cycle last?Usually, the time period when female dogs go into the heat cycle for first time, is sometime between the age of six months to twenty four months. This time period is the same for all dog breeds. Smaller dog breeds go into heat cycle at an early age, as compared to larger dog breeds. If your dog does not go in heat during this age span, then you should take her to a veterinarian. The heat cycle usually lasts for 2 to 4 weeks.
Can my dog get pregnant when she is in heat?Yes, heat cycle is the period when female dogs can get pregnant. Thus, at any time of the heat cycle, your dog can get pregnant. Usually, heat cycle days are considered as the most fertile days for your female dog. Dog breeders usually recommend that female dogs should not be allowed to get pregnant during their first heat cycle. This can cause certain health problems, if proper care is not taken. You can get detailed information from a dog breeder on dog pregnancy symptoms.
Is my dog pregnant, if yes, how long will be the gestation period?Usually the gestation period for dogs lasts for about two months and varies with respect to dog breeds. During this gestation period,
the dog undergoes physical and behavioral changes. Enlarged abdomen and breasts are some of the physical changes due to pregnancy, while anxiety and restlessness are some of the behavioral changes. Dogs need extra care when pregnant. They should be provided with all the required attention and comfort.
Is my dog in labor, how will I know?There are a number of behavioral changes when your dog is on the verge of labor. You may notice that your dog will search for a comfortable place and make arrangements for the delivery. Here is a list of symptoms that can help you know whether your dog is in labor.

• Vomiting can be seen in pregnant dogs, few hours before the delivery.
• The body temperature of the pregnant dog decreases drastically before delivery.
• You may observe that your dog is restless.
• She may want you near her for comfort. You may notice constant staring.
• Food rejection is considered as one of the early signs of dog labor.

[Back to Index]

Questions on Infections and Fleas

My dog scratches his ears and shakes head every now and then. Can it be ear infection?Scratching ears and excessive shaking of the head are some of the common symptoms of ear infection. Anything that causes accumulation of moisture and harms the ear drainage, can lead to ear infection in dogs. Even presence of foreign particles like pollen, ticks, dust, mold, etc, can cause ear infection. Ear infection leads to great discomfort in dogs, hence, a veterinarian should be visited when you notice any of the symptoms of ear infection.
What are the signs of staph infection in dogs?Staph infection is medically referred to as staphylococcal bacterial infection, and is caused by the staph bacteria. Staph infection can be a result of poor immune system, dog fleas, depression, etc. Symptoms of staph infection in dogs include, rapid hair loss, discoloration of skin, ulcers on skin, etc. These symptoms largely depend on the severity of the staph infection. Staph infection needs immediate treatment and hence, a veterinarian should be approached when these signs of staph infection are observed.
What are the bacterial infections that affect dogs?There are various types of bacterial infections that can affect dogs. These infections can occur on skin, eyes, urinary tract, respiratory system, nervous system, etc. Bacterial infections in dogs should not be left untreated, as they can lead to complications. Here is a list of some of the common bacterial infections in dogs:

• Brucellosis
• Actinomycosis
• Plague
• Staph infection
• Leptospirosis

What are the symptoms of yeast infection in dogs?There are two types of yeasts that can cause infection in dogs: Candida albicans and Malassezia pachydermatis. Yeast infections are usually caused due to a weak immune system and allergies. The areas that are usually affected by yeast infection are the ears and skin. The presence of yeast is indicated by a very bad odor. Hair loss, scratching, scaling, discharge from the nose and eyes, and waxy skin, are some more symptoms of yeast infection in dogs. If you observe any such symptom in your dog, take it to a veterinarian at the earliest. The veterinarian will diagnose the underlying reason for a yeast infection and accordingly, will provide a treatment.[Back to Index]

Questions on Diabetes in Dogs

What are the types of diabetes in dogs?Basically there are two types of canine diabetes that can affect dogs, they are diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. Diabetes mellitus is further divided into type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is more common in dogs as compared to diabetes insipidus. Diabetes mellitus is a result of insulin deficiency in the dog's body, while diabetes insipidus is caused due to deficiency of a hormone named Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH). Type 1 diabetes is caused due to insufficient production of insulin, while in type 2, insulin is produced in the body, but the body does not utilize it. Type 1 diabetes usually can be noticed in young dogs or puppies and hence, is termed as juvenile diabetes.
What are the symptoms of diabetes in dogs?Since, diabetes can turn out to be fatal, every dog owner must be aware of the symptoms of diabetes in dogs. Late diagnosis of diabetes can lead to blindness or even death, thus, knowing the symptoms of diabetes is a must. Symptoms of diabetes may vary and they usually appear gradually. Diabetes is called a 'silent killer', as many times the symptoms are not observed until the dog reaches the severe stage of diabetes. Given below are some of the common symptoms:

• Being thirsty suddenly and drinking excessive water for continuously for many days, can be a symptom of diabetes. The increased water intake can take place in a gradual manner.
• Many a time, the first symptoms may go unnoticed. But frequent urination, which is a result of excessive drinking, can be easily observed.
• You may notice that your dog, who was very active before, has become very inactive due to lethargy.
• Sweet breath is one more symptom of diabetes in dogs. Since, you are used to your dog's breath, you may notice the difference soon. This may indicate high level of sugar in the body.
• Shivering and shaking are two more signs of diabetes, which indicate low level of sugar. This is a very severe health problem and needs an immediate treatment.
• You may notice a sudden increase or decrease in your dog's weight with no reason.
• Increased susceptibility to infections can indicate diabetes. The dog may get urinary, fungal or gum infections.

What can cause diabetes in dogs?If you are aware of the causes, then you can avoid diabetes in your dog. There are a number of factors that can cause diabetes in dogs. There are certain breeds like Dachshunds, Keeshonds, German shepherds, etc.which are comparatively more susceptible to diabetes, than other breeds. Obese dogs are at a higher risk of getting diabetes. This is because, their body requires an increased amount of insulin, which cannot be produced by their pancreas. Similar to humans, diabetes in dogs can be hereditary. Thus, if any of the parents of your dog had diabetes, chances are that your dog may also have diabetes. Hormonal changes may affect the insulin production in the dog's body and cause diabetes. Middle-aged female dogs are at higher risks than male dogs. If the dog's diet contains too much of sugar and fatty foods, then it increases the risk of diabetes. Include foods that are low in sugar and carbohydrates, and high in fibers. Diabetes in dogs can also be a result of some other health problem. Diseases like Cushing's disease and canine pancreatitis can lead to improper functioning of the pancreas, thereby, leading to inadequate production of insulin. Some medications may cause dysfunction of the pancreas, further leading to diabetes.
Which dog breeds are susceptible to diabetes?As mentioned earlier, there are certain dog breeds which have increased risk of diabetes. The list of these dog breeds is given below:

• Poodle
• Labrador retriever
• Doberman
• Springer spaniel
• Beagle
• Old English sheepdog
• Miniature pinscher
• Cairn terrier
• Chow chow
• Golden retriever
• Hungarian puli
• West Highland white terrier
• Keeshond
• Dachshund
• Schipperke
• Finnish spitz
• Miniature schnauzer
• Samoyed
• Alaskan malamute

How can diabetes in dogs be diagnosed?Diagnosis of diabetes in dogs is comparatively easier as compared to other health problems. Whenever you notice any of the symptoms of diabetes, you should approach a veterinarian at the earliest. A veterinarian will perform physical and medical tests to diagnose diabetes. The veterinarian will ask you the physical symptoms that made you suspect about the presence of diabetes. Then blood tests are performed to check the blood sugar levels. He/she will perform certain tests to confirm if the dog is suffering from diabetes. Urine of diabetic dogs contains glucose, hence, a urine test is also conducted for diagnosis. Normal blood sugar levels for dogs is 70 to 150 mg/dl. Blood sugar levels above this range indicates diabetes.
What is the treatment for diabetes in dogs?Diabetes in dogs can be treated and the dog can lead a healthy and long life. So, you may not worry about your dog's life expectancy. The treatment is usually similar to the treatment given for diabetes in humans. Diabetes can be minor or much severe. So, depending on the intensity of the disease, the vet will prescribe the treatment. Change in the diet is the very first step for effective treatment of diabetes in dogs. The veterinarian will provide you with a list of foods that should be restricted, and foods that you should give to your dog to eat. A diabetic diet usually contains foods high in fiber and low in fats and carbohydrates. Insulin administration is one more important part of diabetes treatment in dogs. There are different types of insulin and the veterinarian will tell you which type should be administered to your dog. Some dogs require single injection per day, while some may require two. The veterinarian will guide you with the storage of insulin injections, and with the directions on how to administer insulin. Though diabetes cannot be cured, you can relieve your dog from the symptoms. You should always have a check on the glucose level, when the dog is under diabetes treatment.
What should I do when my dog is diagnosed with diabetes?The very first thing that you should do when your dog is diagnosed with diabetes, is to learn and gain all possible knowledge about diabetes in dogs. Talk to a veterinarian about all the details that are required for the treatment of diabetes. Never keep any query in your mind and get all your doubts cleared about diabetes in dogs. Insulin administration is an important part of diabetes treatment. Get proper training from the veterinarian about the schedule and the method of administering insulin injections. You should also talk to friends or relatives, who are owners of a diabetic dog. They can help you with some tips on how you should take special care of your diabetic dog. A good knowledge about diabetes can help a lot, for quick recovery of your dog.
Is diabetes insipidus similar to diabetes mellitus? What are the symptoms of diabetes insipidus?Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus are not the same. Both are two main types of diabetes and are caused due to different reasons. Diabetes insipidus is a rare type of diabetes and is the deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body. This hormone helps the kidney to absorb water. It is also referred to as water balance disorder, because the dog is unable to produce concentrate urine. The urine in
such dogs is very dilute and does not contain glucose. Frequent urination and excessive thirst, are the two main symptoms of diabetes insipidus. Other signs of diabetes insipidus, that may be observed, are dehydration, seizures, disorientation and sudden weight loss.
What are the causes of diabetes insipidus?As discussed earlier, canine diabetes insipidus is a result of deficiency of anti-diuretics. This is a hormone, that regulates the kidney function of absorbing water. This hormone is released by the pituitary gland, which is an important organ of the body.
Diabetes insipidus can be a result of either inadequate production of ADH or inability of the body to respond to the ADH produced. There are two types of diabetes insipidus, central diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Central diabetes insipidus is caused due to insufficient production of ADH by the pituitary gland, while nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused when kidneys do not respond to the ADH produced in the body. The actual causes that lead to diabetes insipidus in dogs are yet unclear. Central diabetes insipidus can be a consequence of tumor in the pituitary gland, trauma, etc, while nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be caused due to metabolic disorders or congenital defects.
What treatment should be given if my dog has diabetes insipidus?Diabetes insipidus treatment depends on the type of disease. Medications and drugs are usually used to treat diabetes insipidus. Central diabetes insipidus is treated by administering a drug called desmopressin, that performs the functions of ADH. This desmopressin is available in the form of nose drops, eye drops and injections. The treatment for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus includes medications like chlorothiazide, thiazide diuretics, etc. Dogs suffering from diabetes insipidus are restricted from consumption of salt. Diabetes insipidus cannot be cured, but the symptoms can be relieved with proper treatment.[Back to Index]

Questions on Other Diseases and Health Problems

What are the causes, symptoms and treatment for Cushing's disease in dogs?Other than dogs, Cushing's disease, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, is observed in humans, cats and horses. This disease is caused due to overproduction of a hormone called glucocorticoid, which is a result of improper functioning of the adrenal glands or the pituitary gland. The disease is usually noticed in dogs that are old or middle-aged. The symptoms of canine Cushing's disease can be observed gradually and hence, many pet owners confuse this health condition as an effect of aging. There are a number of signs and symptoms related to Cushing's disease in dogs. These include, frequent urination, excess drinking of water, increased appetite, loss of hair, slow wound healing, thin coat, lethargy, increased panting, etc. It has been observed that dogs that suffer from Cushing's disease, many a time develop diabetes. The treatment for Cushing's disease completely depends on the health condition of the dog. The treatment is not aimed at increasing the lifespan of the dog, but relieving the dog from the pain caused due to the disease.
What are the symptoms of dog seizures?Seizure, which is also known as a fit or convulsion, is one of the most common neurological problems in dogs. There are three phases of seizure in dogs, they are pre-ictal phase, ictal phase and post-ictal phase. During the first phase, the dog may exhibit certain behavioral changes like drooling, nervousness, hiding from the master, shaking etc. The ictal phase is the one, where the seizure actually takes place. Muscle contraction, urination, salivation, defecation, etc, are some of the symptoms of this phase. In the next phase, the dog suffers from temporary blindness, disorientation, pacing, etc. A seizure usually lasts for a few seconds to a few minutes. Frequent occurrence of seizures needs medical help.
What is Canine Lymphoma?Lymphoma is also known as lymphosarcoma, and is one of the most common type of cancer observed in dogs. The tumors that develop in lymphoma are of malignant type. Basset Hound, Boxer, Chow Chow, Poodle, etc are some of the dog breeds that are at a higher risk. The actual cause for lymphoma in dogs is yet unknown. Exposure to harmful chemicals and pesticides is considered as one possible reason for the development of lymphoma. Lymphoma is further classified on the basis of the location of the tumor. Biopsy can help to diagnose the presence of cancer cells and appropriate treatment can be provided. There is no cure to this disease, but the symptoms can be reduced.
How will I know if my dog is suffering from heart disease?Many a time it happens that the dog owners are unaware that their dog is suffering from a heart disease, until the appearance of symptoms. There are various types of canine heart diseases, but they have similar signs and symptoms. Basically, there are two types of heart diseases in dogs, congenital heart disease and acquired heart disease. Lethargy, coughing, weakness, loss of appetite, breathing difficulty, etc, are signs of mild heart problem. On the other hand, swollen abdomen, sudden weight loss, too much difficulty in breathing, depression, are indications of some severe heart disease. Congestive heart failure and heartworm disease are two common forms of heart disease in dogs. You should always consult a veterinarian when you notice such symptoms in your dog.
Does my dog have cancer?When you suddenly come across a lump on your dog's body it can frighten you. A lump on the body may not always indicate cancer. Dog cancer symptoms are not observed during the initial stages of the disease. Not every tumor indicates cancer, tumors can be a result of some skin allergy or swelling due to injury. So, if you come across such a tumor, do not panic; instead, visit a vet at the earliest, to diagnose what type of tumor it is. Canine cancers are usually treatable.
What can cause hypothyroidism in dogs?The thyroid is an important gland which secretes thyroxine. Thyroxine is a hormone that regulates the metabolic process in the body. When the thyroid gland is not functioning properly, it does not secrete adequate amounts of thyroxine, leading to hypothyroidism. The causes of hypothyroidism can be classified into two categories. The first category is known as primary causes, where the thyroid gland is either inflamed or degenerated and hence, is not functioning properly. The secondary causes include other health problems that do not allow the thyroid gland to produce enough amount of thyroxine. In most of the cases, hypothyroidism is a result of an auto-immune disorder, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, while in remaining cases, hypothyroidism is caused due to idiopathic reasons.
What is Canine Distemper?Canine distemper is a highly contagious, incurable, viral disease, that can affect the respiratory, gastrointestinal and central nervous system of the dog. The virus that causes distemper is canine distemper virus (CDV). Vaccination is the only source of preventing this fatal disease. The symptoms of canine distemper are reduced appetite, vomiting, coughing, watery eye discharge, paralysis, etc. The virus may also cause the footpads of the dog to become hard. The signs and symptoms of distemper vary and hence, one should not neglect any possible symptoms of this disease.
What can cause paralysis in my dog?Paralysis can be caused due to a number of reasons and it is necessary to identify the cause to give appropriate treatment to the dog. An early diagnosis of the cause has been helpful to treat the dog successfully for paralysis. Degenerative disk disease, tick paralysis, viral and bacterial infections, ischemic myelopathy, etc, are some of the major causes of paralysis in dogs. Out of these causes, tick paralysis is the most common cause of paralysis in dogs. It is necessary that every dog owner is aware of the symptoms associated with each of these causes of paralysis in dogs. Paralysis, if diagnosed at the earliest, can be treated successfully and the dog can lead a healthy life ahead.
What are the symptoms of rabies in dogs?
Rabies in one of those horrifying diseases, caused by a virus that directly attacks the nervous system of the dog. This virus is present in the saliva of the infected dog and can be transmitted even to humans. The symptoms of rabies vary, and not every infected dog shows the same symptoms. The incubation period of the virus varies from eight weeks to even six months, hence, the onset of the symptoms also differs. Dramatic behavioral and physical changes are observed when a dog is infected by rabies. Mood change, drooling, loss of leg control, and memory problems are some of the early symptoms of rabies in dogs. The dog becomes hypersensitive to noise and also becomes restless. When the dog reaches the last stage of the disease, it gets paralyzed and may eventually die. There
is no cure or effective treatment for rabies. However, vaccination can be the best prevention for this life-threatening disease.[Back to Index]These were the answers to some frequently asked questions about dog health. Any abnormal behavior, may it be physical or psychological, should not be neglected and a vet should be consulted at the earliest. A good dog owner should be aware of the signs and symptoms of dog ailments, so that the health problem can be diagnosed at the earliest, and prompt treatment be given.

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